Ukuzizwa ulahlekile kancane olwandle lwase- Izinhlobo zezixhumi ze-EV (Imoto Kagesi) Awukho laphaya? Awuqiniseki ukuthi ukhetha yiphi noma ukuthi ihluke kanjani? Awuwedwa kulowo mkhumbi. Lezi zixhumi zisebenza njengesixhumanisi esibalulekile sokudluliselwa kwamandla phakathi kwama-EV neziteshi zokushaja, empeleni zisebenza njengomzila wokuphila oletha amandla avela emthonjeni aye ebhethrini lemoto yakho. Ungesabi, ngoba lo mhlahlandlela uhlose ukucacisa ngale ndaba, uhlukanise izinhlobo ezahlukene zezixhumi zokushaja ze-EV ngendlela elula ukuyiqonda.
Siyini Isixhumi sokushaja se-EV?
The isixhumi sokushaja imoto kagesi 1 ihlanganisa ipulaki nesokhethi indlela eklanyelwe ukusungula ukuxhumana okuphephile kukagesi phakathi kwemoto nesiteshi sokushaja. Ipulaki ngokuvamile inamathiselwe ku- intambo yokushaja, kuyilapho isokhethi ihlanganiswe nembobo yokushaja yemoto. Lokhu kuxhumana okuphathekayo kwenza amandla ageleze esuka emthonjeni wamandla ngokusebenzisa i- ingqalasizinda yokushaja kusistimu yebhethri yemoto.
Ukuphepha kuwukucatshangelwa okuyinhloko ekwakhiweni kwezixhumi zokushaja imoto kagesi. Lezi zixhumi kufanele zihambisane nezindinganiso zokuphepha eziqinile ukuze kuncishiswe ubungozi bezingozi zikagesi phakathi nenqubo yokushaja. Izici ezakhelwe ngaphakathi njengezindlela zokubeka phansi, izinto zokufakelwa, kanye nezindlela zokukhiya zifaka isandla ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza okuphephile nokuthembekile, ukuvikela kokubili imoto kanye nemishini yokukhiya. ingqalasizinda yokushaja.
As izimoto kagesi ziya ngokuya zidlanga emhlabeni jikelele, ukusebenzisana phakathi kwamazinga ahlukene wokushaja 2 nezinhlobo zezixhumi ziba zibaluleke kakhulu. Izinhlangano ezijwayelekile kanye nababambiqhaza bemboni babambisana ukuthuthukisa izivumelwano zomhlaba wonke kanye nemiklamo yesixhumi ukuze bathole ukuhambisana kuwo wonke amanethiwekhi okushaja ahlukahlukene namamodeli ezimoto zikagesi.
Umlando Wokushaja Izinhlobo Zesixhumi
Umlando we izinhlobo zezixhumi zokushaja kungalandelwa emuva ezigabeni zokuqala ze ukuthuthukiswa kwezimoto zikagesiNjengoba ubuchwepheshe bezimoto zikagesi buthuthuka, kuye kwavela amazinga ahlukahlukene okuxhumanisa ukushaja ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo ezahlukene zokushaja kanye nentuthuko yezobuchwepheshe. Izixhumi zokushaja zokuqala zezimoto zikagesi zenzelwe ngokuyinhloko ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokushaja i-AC. Lezi zixhumi zokuqala zazivame ukuba lula, ziqukethe amaphini ambalwa, futhi zazisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma imithombo yamandla e-AC ohlelweni lokushaja ibhethri lemoto.
Ngokuthuthuka kobuchwepheshe bezimoto zikagesi, isidingo se- ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC kuye kwanda kancane kancane. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nalesi sidingo, kuye kwavela amazinga amasha okuxhumanisa ukushaja i-DC enamandla aphezulu. Isibonelo, ngawo-1990, abenzi bezimoto baseJapan bethula indinganiso ebizwa ngokuthi CHADEMO kwezixhumi zokushaja. Lezi zixhumi zivame ukuba nezikhonkwane eziningi kanye nomklamo oyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu, okwenza kube lula ngokushesha isivinini sokushaja, futhi zibuyela emuva ziyahambisana nokushaja kwe-AC.
Izinhlobo zezixhumi zokushaja ze-AC
Izixhumi zokushaja ze-AC zisetshenziswa kakhulu ezinqubweni zokushaja ezihamba kancane, ngokuvamile ezifanelekela ukushaja ebusuku ekhaya noma ukushaja ngesikhathi sokuhlala isikhathi eside ezindaweni zokusebenza. Izinhlobo ezimbili eziyinhloko zezixhumi ze-AC Uhlobo 1 kanye noHlobo 2.
Uhlobo 1 (SAE J1772)
The Uhlobo 1 (SAE J1772) 3 isixhumi sokushaja ipulaki evamile evame ukusetshenziselwa ukushaja kwe-AC. Yakhiwe ngezikhonkwane ezinhlanu futhi isebenza ohlelweni lukagesi lwesigaba esisodwa. Ukushaja ngalesi sixhumi ngokuvamile kunikeza isivinini esimaphakathi, okusenza sifaneleke ukusetha ukushaja kwasekhaya nokukhetha iziteshi zokushaja zomphakathi. Amandla okushaja ajwayele ukungena phakathi kwebanga elingu-3.5 kW ukuya ku-7.2 kW. Ekuqaleni ithola ukuduma eNyakatho Melika nase-Japan, manje isisetshenziswa kabanzi kulezi zifunda. Izimoto eziningi zikagesi zaseJapan, njengeNissan Leaf neMitsubishi i-MiEV, kanye nezinye izinhlobo zaseNyakatho Melika, njengeFord Focus Electric, zifika zihlome nge Isixhumi sohlobo 1.
Uhlobo 2 (IEC 621962)
Izixhumi zohlobo lwe-2 (IEC 62196-2) ngokuvamile ziza nemiklamo ehlanganisa kokubili ukuxhumeka kwesigaba esisodwa nesigaba sesithathu, kufakwe izikhonkwane eziyisikhombisa. Lokhu kusetha kuvumela amandla aphezulu wokushaja nokuhambisana okungcono. Isivinini sokushaja sezixhumi zoHlobo 2 siyavumelana nezimo, sisekela uhla lwamandla okushaja ukusuka ku-3.5 kW kuya ku-22 kW.
Lezi zixhumi zisetshenziswa kabanzi kulo lonke elaseYurophu, okuhlanganisa amazwe afana neJalimane, iFrance, ne-United Kingdom. Izimoto eziningi zikagesi ezivela kubakhiqizi baseYurophu, njengenguqulo yaseYurophu ye I-Tesla Model 3, i-Audi e-tron, kanye ne-Porsche Taycan, bagqokisiwe Izixhumi zohlobo 2Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba Izixhumi zohlobo 2 Njengoba seziba ngamazwe ngamazwe futhi zisezingeni elifanele, kancane kancane ziyamukelwa kwezinye izifunda, njenge-Australia nakwamanye amazwe ase-Asia.
Izinhlobo zezixhumi zokushaja ze-DC
Isixhumi sokushaja se-DC siyingxenye ebalulekile yezinhlelo zokushaja imoto kagesi. Ivumela ukushaja okusheshayo, ukunciphisa kakhulu izikhathi zokushaja kanye nokuhlinzeka abasebenzisi ngomuzwa ofaneleka kakhudlwana wokushaja. Ngokuvamile, lezi zixhumi zitholakala ezindaweni zokuphumula zomgwaqo omkhulu noma ezinkulu izikhungo zokuthenga.
CCS1
The I-CCS(Isistimu Yokushaja Ehlanganisiwe) Uhlobo 1 isixhumi silungisa uxhumano lwendabuko Lohlobo 1 olunamaphinikhodi engeziwe enzelwe ukushaja okusheshayo kwe-DC, okuvumela izilinganiso zokushaja ezisheshayo nokuhambisana okubanzi. Uma kukhulunywa ngejusi, ingampompa amandla angama-kilowatts angu-360, iqinisekise ukuthi izimoto zikagesi zikwazi ukujusa ngokushesha.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi sixhumi sisekela ukuxhumana kwedatha, okwenza kube lula ukudluliswa kwedatha yesikhathi sangempela 4 ngesikhathi senqubo yokushaja ngamaphrothokholi afana ne-CAN noma i-Ethernet. Lokhu kuxhumana kwenza kube nokushintshana kolwazi phakathi kwesiteshi sokushaja nemoto kagesi, okuqinisekisa ulwazi lokushaja oluphephile nolusebenzayo. E-US nase-US Canada, lo Isixhumi se-CCS1 5 kuyindinganiso eyinhloko yokushaja okusheshayo. Amanye amamodeli ezimoto anesixhumi se-CCS1 afaka i-Chevrolet Bolt EV, i-Ford Mustang Mach-E, kanye ne-Chevrolet Volt.
CCS2
I-CCS2, noma i-Combined Charging System Type 2, isukela ku- Isixhumi sohlobo 2. Ngokuvamile iza namaphini ayisikhombisa kanye namaphini amabili okushaja aqondile. Izixhumi ze-CCS2 zinezinga lokushaja elisheshayo, zisekela amandla aphumayo angaba ngu-350 kW. Njengamanje, lezi zixhumi zisetshenziswa kakhulu kulo lonke elaseYurophu. I-CCS2 iphinde ivumele ukuxhumana okuhlakaniphile, ithuthukise inqubo yokushaja ngokulula okwengeziwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ivumela ukuthuthukiswa nokwandiswa kwesikhathi esizayo ukuze ihlangabezane nezidingo zamandla ezishintshashintshayo zezimoto zikagesi, inikeze umbono ocacile wentuthuko yazo eqhubekayo.
CHADEMO
Isixhumi se-CHAdeMO saqala ukuduma e-Japan. Izimoto eziningi zikagesi ezivela kubakhiqizi bezimoto baseJapan, njenge I-Nissan Leaf kanye ne-Mitsubishi i-MiEV, namanye amamodeli avela kwezinye izifunda, njenge-Chevrolet Bolt EV, afakwe izixhumi ze-CHAdeMO. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izixhumi ze-CHAdeMO zivumela ukushaja kabili, okusho ukuthi izimoto zingadlulisa amandla zisuka kumabhethri azo ziwabuyisele kugridi, okuvumela ukugcinwa nokuphathwa kwamandla.
Nokho, ngokuthuthukiswa kwezinye ukushaja okusheshayo amazinga afana ne-CCS ne-Tesla Supercharger, ithonya lezixhumi ze-CHAdeMO liya ngokuya lincipha kancane kancane kwezinye izindawo. Ezinye izinhlobo zezimoto ezisebenza ngogesi ezintsha azisafaki izixhumi ze-CHAdeMO, kunalokho zikhetha amazinga okushaja asabalele.
Ezinye Izinhlobo Zesixhumi se-EV
Ngaphandle kwalezo zixhumi eziyinhloko, abanye abenzi baphinde bazakhele ezabo izixhumi zokushaja ukuze zihambisane namazinga esifunda noma izidingo ezihlukile zabanye. car electric amamodeli.
I-Tesla (NACS)
Isixhumi se-NACS, esaziwa nangokuthi isixhumi Esijwayelekile Sokushaja saseNyakatho Melika, wuhlobo lwepulaki elisetshenziselwa ukushaja izimoto zikagesi, ezidume kakhulu ngabakwaTesla. Iklanyelwe ukusebenza nazo zombili iziteshi zokushaja ezihamba kancane nezisheshayo. U-Tesla uthuthukise le pulaki futhi uphokophela ukuthi ibe indinganiso evamile kuzo zonke izimoto zikagesi eNyakatho Melika, ngethemba lokuthi nabanye abenzi bezimoto bazoyisebenzisa. Lokhu kuzokwenza kube lula kubashayeli ukuthi bathole iziteshi zokushaja ezihambisanayo, okufana nendlela izimoto eziningi zikaphethiloli ezisebenzisa ngayo uhlobo olufanayo lwepompo likaphethiloli.
I-GB/T
The I-GB/T yokushaja imoto kagesi isixhumi siyindinganiso kazwelonke e-China. Yakhelwe ukwenza isiqiniseko sokuthi izimoto zikagesi zingashaja ngokuphephile futhi kalula. Lesi sixhumi siza ngezinhlobo ezimbili: esokushintshana kwamanje (AC) nesinye ngesamanje esiqondile (DC). Kuyisixazululo esisebenza ngezindlela eziningi esingasingatha uhla olubanzi lwezidingo zokushaja. Isixhumi se-GB/T singashaja ngesivinini esihlukene, sisuka ku-3.3 kilowatts (kW) ku-AC siye ku-200 kW ku-DC. Lokhu kuyenza ifaneleke iziteshi zokushaja zasekhaya, iziteshi zokushaja zomphakathi, ngisho neziteshi ezithile ezishaja ngokushesha. Abakhiqizi abaningi bezimoto zikagesi baseShayina, njenge-BYD ne-NIO, basebenzisa Isixhumi se-GB/T ezikhumulweni zokushaja izimoto zabo.
Ungasikhetha kanjani Isixhumi sokushaja se-EV esifanele?
Uma kuziwa ekukhetheni isixhumi sokushaja se-EV esifanele, kungaphezu nje kokuqonda amazinga. Nakhu okudingeka ukucabangele ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi ukhetha isixhumi esifanelana nezidingo zakho:
1. Ukuhambisana Kwezimoto
Ngaphambi kokusebenzisa isixhumi sokushaja se-EV, qiniseka ukuthi siyahambisana nohambo lwakho. Izimoto zikagesi ezahlukene ezivela kumikhiqizo ehlukahlukene namamodeli zingase zisebenzise izinhlobo ezahlukene zezixhumiIsibonelo, izimoto zeTesla zivame ukugingqika nesixhumi sazo se-Supercharger, kanti ezinye zingasebenzisa izixhumi ezijwayelekile ze-CHAdeMO noma ze-CCS.
Futhi, thola ukuthi imoto yakho ithengiswe kuphi bese uthola intengo ephansi yezindinganiso zesixhumi sokushaja kuleso sifunda. Ngisho nezimoto zomkhiqizo ofanayo zingase zithandeke kakhulu. isixhumi sokushaja esihlukile izindinganiso kuye ngokuthi zithengiswa kuphi. Izixhumi ze-CCS zivamile eYurophu, kuyilapho izixhumi ze-CHAdeMO zibusa indawo yokuhlala eJapane nasezingxenyeni zase-Asia. Ngakho-ke, ngaphambi kokuthi uxhume, bheka incwadi yemiyalelo yemoto yakho noma ushayele umenzi ukuze athole uhlobo olufanele lwesixhumi.
2. Izidingo zokushaja
- Ukushaja Kwasekhaya: Ukujabula ekhaya kuwuhambo lwabanikazi abaningi be-EV. Ukusetha ishaja ye-Level 2 AC ekhaya kuyinto evamile. Lokhu kusetha kukuvumela ukuthi ushaje imoto yakho kalula ebusuku noma noma nini lapho ipakiwe, uqinisekisa ukuthi ilungele ukuhamba noma nini lapho kudingeka. Ngakho-ke, lapho ukhetha isixhumi, qiniseka ukuthi sidlala kahle ngokusetha kwakho ukushaja kwasekhaya futhi singadla amandla anele ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zakho.
- Ukushaja Komphakathi: Ngaphandle kokushaja usekhaya, ungase udinge ukuthi ushaye iziteshi zokushaja zomphakathi uma usohambweni. Uma ukhetha isixhumi, bheka izinhlobo zezixhumi ezitholakala eziteshini zokushaja entanyeni yakho yehlathi. Iziteshi ezihlukene zingase zinyakazise izindinganiso ezihlukene zokuxhuma.
3. Ukuphepha kanye Nezitifiketi
Ukuphepha kanye ukunika isitifiketi Izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzicabangele Uma ukhetha isixhumi sokushaja esifanele imoto yakho kagesi. Qiniseka ukuthi noma yimiphi imishini yokushaja oyithathayo ihlangabezana nezindinganiso zokuphepha zendawo ukuze kuvinjelwe izingozi zikagesi. E-US, imishini yokushaja kudingeka ibe Kuqinisekiswe i-UL ukushaya uphawu.
EYurophu, uphawu lwe-CE luyinto enkulu-ibonisa ukuthi a umkhiqizo ihlangabezana nezidingo zokuphepha, ezempilo, nezemvelo ze-European Union. Ukuyofuna izinto zokushaja ezinophawu lwe-CE ngokuvamile kusho ukuthi ungakwazi ukuphefumula kalula. Ngakho-ke, lapho udonsa igiya lokushaja, hlala uhlola kabili ukuze ubone ukuthi inazo yini izitembu ezidingekayo zokugcina inqubo yokushaja iphephile futhi ithembekile.
Ama-FAQ:
Ingabe kuphephile ukusebenzisa i-adaptha ukushaja imoto kagesi enohlobo oluhlukile lwesixhumi?
Kwezinye izimo, ama-adaptha angase atholakale ukuze avumele ukuhambisana kokushaja phakathi kwezinhlobo zezixhumi ezihlukene. Nokho, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuthi i-adaptha igunyaziwe ukuthi isetshenziswe nemoto ethile kanye nesiteshi sokushaja ukuze ugweme izinkinga zokuhambisana noma izingozi zokuphepha.
Ungazithola kanjani iziteshi zokushaja ezinohlobo lwesixhumi esidingayo?
Izinhlelo zokusebenza eziningi zeselula namawebhusayithi enzelwe ukutholakala iziteshi zokushaja izimoto zikagesi. Lezi zingxenyekazi ngokuvamile zinikeza izihlungi ezivumela abasebenzisi ukuthi baseshe iziteshi ngokusekelwe ezinhlotsheni zezixhumi ezihambisanayo zama-EV.
Ingabe kukhona ukucatshangelwa kokuphepha lapho usebenzisa izixhumi zokushaja ze-EV?
Yebo, ukuphepha kubaluleke kakhulu uma kuziwa ekushajweni kwemoto kagesi. Njalo qinisekisa ukuthi izixhumi zihlanzekile, azilimele, futhi zihlezi kahle. Ukwengeza, landela imihlahlandlela yomkhiqizi yokushaja futhi ugweme ukusebenzisa okokusebenza okulimele.
Ingabe izimoto zikagesi ezinezinhlobo ezihlukene zokuxhuma zingabelana ngeziteshi zokushaja ngesikhathi esisodwa?
Ngokuvamile, izimoto zikagesi ezihlome ngezinhlobo zezixhumi ezihlukene azikwazi ukwabelana ngeziteshi zokushaja ngesikhathi esisodwa ngaphandle kwalapho isiteshi siklanyelwe ngokukhethekile izinhlobo zezixhumi eziningi noma sinezixhumi ezivumelana nezimo. Kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukuhambisana ngaphambi kokuzama ukushaja.
Kungenzeka yini ukushaja i-J1772 kushaja ye-CCS?
Nakuba izixhumi ze-J1772 ne-CCS zingase zibukeke zifana, azihambisani ngokuqondile. Kodwa-ke, amanye amashaja e-CCS afaka okungeziwe J1772 isixhumi, okuvumela abanikazi be-EV ukuthi bakhokhise izimoto zabo zikagesi ezine-J1772. Kuhlale kuwumqondo omuhle ukuqinisekisa ukusebenzisana kwesixhumi nesiteshi esithile sokushaja.
FUNDA QAPHELA:
Umhlahlandlela Ophelele Wezixhumi ze-EV: Uhlolojikelele Oluphelele
Yini Odinga Ukukwazi Ngesiteshi sokushaja seLevel 3?
Iyini Ukushaja kwe-CHAdeMO DC?
I-SAE J1772 vs IEC 62196: Uyini Umehluko?
Ultimate Umhlahlandlela Izinhlobo Ezehlukene EV Ukushaja
- Ukuqonda isixhumi sokushaja imoto kagesi kubalulekile ekushajweni okuphephile nokusebenzayo kwe-EV. Hlola lesi sixhumanisi ukuze uthole imininingwane enemininingwane.[]
- Funda mayelana nokusebenzisana ekushajeni kwe-EV ukuze uqinisekise ukusebenzisana kuwo wonke amanethiwekhi namamodeli ahlukahlukene, uthuthukise umuzwa wakho we-EV.[]
- Hlola lesi sixhumanisi ukuze uqonde izinzuzo kanye nemininingwane yesixhumi sokushaja sohlobo 1, esibalulekile kubasebenzisi be-EV.[]
- Ukuqonda ukudluliswa kwedatha ngesikhathi sangempela kungathuthukisa ulwazi lwakho ngezinqubo zokushaja ze-EV eziphumelelayo.[]
- Ukuhlola isixhumi se-CCS1 kuzokunikeza ulwazi ngezindinganiso zokushaja okusheshayo kanye namamodeli ezimoto ahambisanayo.[]
