Njengoko uhamba kwihlabathi leenkqubo zombane, unokuhlangabezana nemigaqo inqanaba elinye kwaye amandla amanqanaba amathathu. Ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwezi ntlobo zimbini zobonelelo lwamandla kubalulekile, ngakumbi kwi iimoto kunye namashishini anxulumene ne-EV. Makhe siphonononge ukuba yintoni ebahlulayo kunye nokuba ngamnye unokuchaphazela njani ukusebenza kweshishini lakho.
Contents
ukufihla
4 INkcazelo eneenkcukacha yaMandla eZigaba eziThathu
Yintoni Amandla eSigaba esinye?
Inkcazo esisiseko
Amandla esigaba esinye 1 isebenzisa i-AC waveform enye. Inocingo oluphilayo kunye nocingo olungathathi hlangothi. I-voltage ihla inyuka njengamaza. KuMntla Melika, yi-120/240 volts. EYurophu, idla ngokuba yi-230 volts.
Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo
Amandla esigaba esinye isetyenziswa ezindlwini. Inika amandla izibane, izixhobo ezincinci kunye ne-elektroniki. Amashishini amancinci nawo ayayisebenzisela amandla asezantsi iimfuno. Izinto ezifana nezifudumezi kunye nezixhobo ezisisiseko zisebenza kula mandla.
Yintoni iSigaba esiThathu saMandla?
Inkcazo esisiseko
Amandla amanqanaba amathathu isebenzisa imisinga yeAC emithathu, idigri nganye iqelelene nge-120. Ineengcingo ezintathu eziphilileyo kunye nocingo olunye olungathathi hlangothi. Ukuhamba kombane kuzinzile kwaye kulinganiswe. Oku kwenza amandla amanqanaba amathathu esebenzayo ngakumbi kwi iimfuno zamandla aphezulu.
Ukusetyenziswa okuqhelekileyo
Amandla amanqanaba amathathu isetyenziswa kwiifektri nakumashishini amakhulu. Oomatshini abakhulu bafuna olu hlobo lwamandla. Amakhaya amatsha anobuchwepheshe obukrelekrele nawo anokusebenzisa amandla amanqanaba amathathu kuba bafuna amandla angakumbi.
INkcazelo eneenkcukacha yaMandla eSigaba esinye
Indlela Amandla eSigaba esinye aSebenza ngayo
Ukuhamba koMbane
Isigaba esisodwa Amandla asebenzisa ucingo oluphilayo kunye nocingo olunye olungathathi hlangothi. Umsinga ubuyela emva naphambili, wenze ipateni yamaza. La mandla axhaphakile kumakhaya.
Umbane kunye neempawu zangoku
EMntla Melika, amandla enqanaba elinye yi-120/240 volts, kwaye eYurophu, yi-230 volts. Njengoko i-voltage itshintsha, i-voltage yangoku iyenyuka kwaye ihle, iyenze ilungele ukusetyenziswa kwamandla aphantsi.
Izinto eziluncedo zaMandla eSigaba esinye
Ukulula
Iisistim zenqanaba elinye kulula ukuziqonda, ukuhlohla, nokugcina. Abanini bezindlu banokusingatha ezi nkqubo ngaphandle kwezakhono ezikhethekileyo.
Ukusebenza kweNdleko
Amandla esigaba esinye kubiza ngaphantsi kokufaka kunamandla amanqanaba amathathu, kwaye iindleko zayo zokusebenza nazo ziphantsi. Oku kwenza kube kuhle Ukusetyenziswa kwekhaya.
Izinto ezingeloncedo kuMandla eSigaba esinye
Umthamo waMandla aNcinane
Amandla akwinqanaba elinye akakwazi kuzibamba kakuhle izixhobo zamandla aphezulu, kwaye izixhobo zombane ezinkulu zinokungasebenzi kakuhle. Ke, ayilunganga kumashishini amakhulu okanye kwiifektri.
Imiba eSebenzayo
Amandla enqanaba elinye akasebenzi ngendlela amandla amanqanaba amathathu. Amandla amaninzi alahlekile, akhokelela kumatyala aphezulu. Amandla amanqanaba amathathu asebenza ngcono kwiimfuno eziphezulu.
INkcazelo eneenkcukacha yaMandla eZigaba eziThathu
Asebenza njani aMandla eZigaba eziThathu
Ukuhamba koMbane
Amandla amanqanaba amathathu aneentambo ezintathu eziphilileyo kunye nocingo olunye olungathathi hlangothi. Ucingo ngalunye oluphilayo luthwala umbane ozii-120 degrees ngaphandle kwezinye. Olu cwangciso lugcina umbane uhamba kakuhle. Umsinga awuyeki, unika umbane ozinzileyo.
Umbane kunye neempawu zangoku
Amandla amanqanaba amathathu ngokuqhelekileyo isebenza kumandla ombane aphezulu kunamandla esigaba esinye. KuMntla Melika, amandla ombane aqhelekileyo yi-208V, 480V, kunye ne-600V. EYurophu, ihlala i-400V. Amandla ombane aphezulu enza ukuhanjiswa kwamandla kusebenze ngakumbi. Okwangoku kuhlala kuzinzile, ukunciphisa ukulahleka kwamandla kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle.
Izinto eziluncedo kwiSigaba esiThathu saMandla
Umthamo waMandla oPhezulu
Amandla amanqanaba amathathu anokuphatha imithwalo emikhulu kunamandla esigaba esinye, esenza ukuba alungele iifektri kunye nezakhiwo ezikhulu. Oomatshini abakhulu badinga olu hlobo lwamandla ukuze basebenze kakuhle. Iingcingo ezimbalwa ziyafuneka, ukuthoba iindleko zokufakela.
Ubuchule obungakumbi
Amandla amanqanaba amathathu asebenza kakuhle kunamandla enqanaba elinye. Ukuhamba ngokuqhubekayo kunciphisa ilahleko yamandla, oku kuthetha iindleko eziphantsi zokusebenza. Imizi-mveliso ikwafumana unikezelo lwamandla oluthembekileyo nolungaguquguqukiyo. Ukusebenzisa imathiriyeli yomqhubi omncinci nako konyusa ukusebenza kakuhle.
Ukungalungi koMbane weZigaba eziThathu
Ukunyaniseka
Iinkqubo zezigaba ezithathu kunzima ukuzifaka nokugcina. Bafuna izakhono ezikhethekileyo kunye nolwazi lokumisa ngokuchanekileyo. Abenzi bombane kufuneka bazi ukuba njani zigaba ezintathu i-wiring isebenza. Oku bunzima kunokunyusa iindleko zabasebenzi.
Iindleko zokuqala eziPhezulu
Ukumisela iinkqubo zezigaba ezintathu kubiza ngaphezulu ekuqaleni. Izixhobo kunye nezixhobo zixabisa ngakumbi kunezo zenkqubo yesigaba esinye. Amashishini kufuneka achithe imali eninzi ngaphambili, kodwa izibonelelo zexesha elide zihlala ziyenza ixabiseke.
Uthini Umahluko phakathi kweSigaba esinye kunye neSigaba esiThathu seTshaja ye-EV?
Unikezelo lwamandla olunezigaba ezithathu luthatha ngcono imithwalo ephezulu kwaye lukhethwa kumashishini kunye nezicelo zorhwebo ngenxa yokusebenza kakuhle kunye nokukwazi ukuphatha iimfuno ezinkulu zamandla. Unikezelo lombane olukwinqanaba elinye luqhele ukusetyenziswa kwiindawo zokuhlala.
Uthelekiso lwentsebenzo
Ukutshaja isantya
Isigaba esinye vs. amandla esigaba esithathu atshintsha kakhulu isantya sokutshaja. Amandla enqanaba elinye athumela umbane kwelinye iliza, elicothisa ukutshaja kwee-EVs. Amandla amanqanaba amathathu anika ukuhamba okuzinzile kombane, oku ibiza ii-EVs ngokukhawuleza nangcono.
Ukusebenza kwamandla
Amandla amanqanaba amathathu isebenza ngcono kune amandla enqanaba elinye. Ukuhamba ngokuzingisileyo konga amandla, kwaye umbane omncinci uyachithwa. Amandla amanqanaba amathathu ajika malunga ne-97% yamandla ombane abe ngumbane oomatshini, nto leyo ewenza ukuba ube mkhulu kusetyenziso olukwimfuno ephezulu.
Uthelekiso lweendleko
Iindleko zoFakelo
Amandla esigaba esinye kubiza kancinci ukuseta. Idinga izinto ezincinci kunye ne-wiring elula, kwaye abanini bezindlu banokuyifaka ngaphandle kwezakhono ezikhethekileyo. Amandla amanqanaba amathathu ukuseta kuntsonkothe ngakumbi kwaye kubiza kakhulu emsebenzini nakwimathiriyeli.
Iindleko zokuSebenza
Ixesha elidlulele, amandla amanqanaba amathathu kubiza kancinci ukuqhuba. Ukusebenza kwayo kunciphisa amandla asetyenzisiweyo, ukunciphisa amatyala. Ngelixa amandla enqanaba elinye ixabisa kancinci ekuqaleni, inokubiza ngaphezulu kamva ngenxa yokungasebenzi kakuhle.
Sebenzisa iimeko
UkuTshaja kwendawo yokuhlala
IsiGaba esinye kwiiSetingi zokuHlala
Iitshaja ze-EV zesigaba esinye sebenza kakuhle kwizicwangciso zokuhlala. Abaninimzi bahlala bekhetha ezi tshaja ngenxa yokulula kwazo kunye nokusebenza kakuhle kweendleko. Iitshaja zenqanaba elinye zisebenza kubonelelo lwe-230V AC, zibonelela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-7.4 kW yamandla. Lo mgangatho wamandla uhambelana neemfuno zokutshaja ngobusuku. Uninzi lwamakhaya sele luneziseko eziyimfuneko zeetshaja zesigaba esinye, ukwenza ukufakela kube lula. Iitshaja zenqanaba elinye ziyahlangabezana neemfuno zokutshaja mihla le zabanini-EV abaninzi.
IziGaba eziThathu kwiiSetingi zokuHlala
Iitshaja ze-EV zesigaba esithathu zibonelela ngonikezelo lwamandla aphezulu ukulungiselela useto lweendawo zokuhlala. Ezi tshaja zisebenza kwi-400V AC ubonelelo, ukunika amandla ukuya kuma-22 kW. Iitshaja zezigaba ezithathu zinokutshaja i-EV ngokukhawuleza kakhulu kuneetshaja zesigaba esinye. Nangona kunjalo, ukufaka itshaja enezigaba ezithathu ekhayeni inokufuna ukuphuculwa kombane okhoyo. Olu hlaziyo lunokukhokelela kwiindleko zokuqala eziphezulu. Ngaphandle kweendleko eziphezulu, iitshaja zezigaba ezintathu zibonelela ngesisombululo sexesha elizayo kwiimeko zokuhlala ezifunwa kakhulu.
URhwebo kunye noRhwebo lwezoShishino
IsiGaba esinye kwiiSetingi zoRhwebo
Iitshaja ze-EV zesigaba esinye inokusebenzela useto oluncinci lwentengiso. Zifanelekile kumashishini aneemfuno zokutshaja eziphantsi ukuya kwimodareyitha kwaye zibonelela ngesisombululo esineendleko ezincinci zithuthi okanye iindawo zokupaka abathengi. Nangona kunjalo, iitshaja zenqanaba elinye zisenokungahlangabezani neemfuno zemisebenzi emikhulu yorhwebo. Unikezelo lwamandla olusezantsi lukhokelela kwixesha elide amaxesha okutshaja, enokuthi ingasebenzi kwiindawo ezinabantu abaninzi.
IziGaba eziThathu kwiiSetingi zoRhwebo
Iitshaja ze-EV zesigaba esithathu bagqwese kwiindawo zorhwebo nezoshishino. Banokunikezela ukuya kuthi ga kwi-22 kW yamandla, nto leyo evumela ukutshaja okukhawulezayo nangokufanelekileyo. Iitshaja zezigaba ezithathu zinokuxhasa izithuthi ezininzi ngaxeshanye, zizenze zilungele izikhululo zokutshaja zikawonke-wonke kunye neenqwelo ezinkulu. Amashishini axhamla ekusebenzeni okuphezulu kunye nokunciphisa amaxesha okutshaja. Iyafaka iitshaja ezinezigaba ezithathu kunokubandakanya iindleko eziphezulu zokuqala ngenxa yokuphuculwa kweziseko zophuhliso. Nangona kunjalo, iinzuzo zexesha elide zodlula utyalo-mali lokuqala. Iitshaja zezigaba ezithathu zibonelela ngesisombululo esomeleleyo seendawo ezifunwa kakhulu.
FAQ
Masingene nzulu kwiinkcukacha zenqanaba elinye kunye nenqanaba lesithathu lamandla kunye nokuba isinye sinokuzuza njani kwishishini lakho.
Ngaba inqanaba eli-3 lingcono kunenqanaba elinye?
Kwiimeko ezininzi, ewe. Xa kuthelekiswa neesekethe zamandla ezikwinqanaba elinye, iisekethe zamandla ezigaba ezithathu zinika phantse amandla aphindwe kabini ngombane ofanayo lo gama ufuna ucingo olunye olongezelelweyo kuphela. Oku kusebenza kakuhle kunokukhokelela ekongiweni kweendleko ezibalulekileyo kwiziseko zombane, nto leyo eyenza kube lolona khetho lukhethwayo kumashishini aneemfuno eziphezulu zamandla. Umzekelo, ukuba ungumntu Umvelisi wezixhobo zokutshaja ze-EV, amandla anezigaba ezithathu avumela iitshaja zakho ukuba zinikezele ngenkonzo ekhawulezayo nangempumelelo.
Ngaba i-240V isigaba esisodwa okanye isigaba se-3?
Amandla akwinqanaba elinye aneengcingo ezimbini: esebenzayo kunye nengathathi hlangothi, inika amandla malunga ne-240 volts. Olu cwangciso luxhaphakile kumakhaya nakumashishini amancinci kwizinto ezininzi zombane kunye nezibane. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, unikezelo lwamandla amanqanaba amathathu aneentambo ezine: ezintathu ezisebenzayo kunye nenye engathathi hlangothi, inika amandla kuzo zombini i-240V kunye ne-415V. Oku bhetyebhetye kuluncedo kwimisebenzi emikhulu efana neevenkile zokulungisa iimoto kunye neevenkile ze-4S, apho kufuneka kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zombane.
Ngaba ndifuna amandla esigaba esi-3 endlwini yam?
Ngokuqhelekileyo, amandla amanqanaba amathathu asetyenziswa kwiindawo zorhwebo kunye nezoshishino. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unekhaya elikhulu elinezixhobo zombane ezininzi ezizoba amandla amakhulu, amandla amanqanaba amathathu anokunceda ukunqanda ukuguquguquka kunye nokuqinisekisa unikezelo oluzinzileyo. Oku kubaluleke ngakumbi kubavelisi beemoto kunye neefektri ezinkulu zezixhobo zemoto apho amandla angaguqukiyo abalulekile kwimigca yemveliso.
Ngaba ndingabaleka i-3 AC kwinqanaba elinye?
Yingcamango ephosakeleyo eqhelekileyo ukuba ii-air conditioners zifuna uqhagamshelo lombane olunezigaba ezithathu. Enyanisweni, ii-motor kuzo zonke ii-air conditioners ziyilelwe ukuba zisebenze kumbane wesigaba esinye. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba unee-air conditioners ezingaphezu kwesithathu ezisebenza ngaxeshanye, uqhagamshelo lwezigaba ezithathu lunokuba yimfuneko ukunqanda ukugcwala. Olu qwalaselo lubalulekile ukuthengisa imoto kunye neevenkile ze-4S ezineenkqubo ezibanzi ze-HVAC.
Ukuqonda i-Voltge yeSigaba esiThathu
Amandla ombane amanqanaba amathathu anikezela ngombane ozinzileyo kwaye osebenzayo, oyimfuneko kwiindawo ezinemfuno ephezulu. Umzekelo, umenzi wamalungu emoto unokuxhomekeka kumandla amanqanaba amathathu ukuba asebenzise oomatshini abakhulu ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka, ukuphucula imveliso kunye nokunciphisa ixesha lokuphumla.
IsiGaba esiSinye vs iSigaba esiThathu: Iindleko zoMbane
Amandla amanqanaba amathathu anokunciphisa iindleko zombane ngokunciphisa iimfuno zangoku kunye nokusebenzisa iingcingo ezincinci. Oku kunokukhokelela kwiindleko eziphantsi zofakelo kunye nokugcinwa. Kumashishini afana Ukutshaja kwe-EV abavelisi bezixhobo, olu gcino lunokuba lukhulu ngokuhamba kwexesha, lusenza amandla amanqanaba amathathu abe sisisombululo esineendleko ezifanelekileyo.
Inqanaba elinye vs iSigaba esiThathu seeMoto
Iinjini zenqanaba elinye zilula kwaye azibizi kakhulu kodwa zilinganiselwe ngamandla kunye nokusebenza kakuhle. Iimotor zamanqanaba amathathu, nangona kunjalo, zibonelela ngomthamo wamandla aphezulu kwaye zisebenza ngakumbi, zizenza zilungele usetyenziso olunzima kwimveliso yeemoto kunye nemisebenzi yokulungiswa kwemoto enkulu.
Ukuthelekisa iiPlagi zeSigaba esinye kunye neSigaba esiThathu
Iiplagi zesigaba esisodwa ziqhelekileyo kwiindawo zokuhlala, ngelixa iiplagi zezigaba ezintathu zisetyenziselwa kwiindawo zoshishino ukusingatha imithwalo yamandla aphezulu. Njengokuba, Izikhululo zokutshaja ze-EV rhoqo zisebenzisa izigaba ezithathu iiplagi ukuhambisa amaxesha okutshaja okukhawulezayo, eyona ndawo ibalulekileyo yokuthengisa kubathengisi kunye nabavelisi bezixhobo zokubiza.
isishwankathelo
Ukuqonda umahluko phakathi inqanaba elinye kunye nesigaba sesithathu amandla ibalulekile ekwenzeni izigqibo ezizizo kwimizi-mveliso yeemoto kunye ne-EV. Amandla amanqanaba amathathu abonelela ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokugcinwa kweendleko kumashishini aneemfuno eziphezulu zamandla, ngelixa amandla esigaba esisodwa sanele kwizicelo zokuhlala kunye nezoshishino ezincinci. Ngokukhetha unikezelo lwamandla olufanelekileyo, unokwandisa ukusebenza kwakho, unciphise iindleko, kwaye uqinisekise ukusebenza okuthembekileyo.
FUNDA NGOKUPHELELEYO:
- Ukuqonda amandla enqanaba elinye kubalulekile ukubamba indlela amakhaya kunye namashishini amancinci asebenza ngayo iinkqubo zawo zombane.[↩]
