Kuhambo lwemihla ngemihla lwabaninzi abanini beemoto zombane, umzabalazo wokufumana izikhululo zokutshaja okanye ukunyamezela ukulinda ukutshaja kwakhona yinto eqhelekileyo. Ukujongana ngqo nale mingeni, inani elandayo labaqhubi linikela ingqalelo ekufakeni izitishi zokutshaja iimoto zombane kanye ekhaya. Oku akusombululi kuphela inkxamleko yokubiza kodwa ikwabonelela nangexesha kunye nesisombululo sokonga iindleko. Kwesi sikhokelo sineenkcukacha, siza kuphonononga indlela yokufaka itshaja ye-EV ekhaya, sigubungela yonke into ukusuka kwiintlobo zezikhululo zokutshaja ukuya kumanyathelo ofakelo.
Loluphi uhlobo lweeTjaja ze-EV ezinokuFakelwa eKhaya?
Xa useta isikhululo sokutshaja iimoto zombane ekhaya, ngokubanzi uneendlela ezimbini eziphambili onokukhetha kuzo: Inqanaba 1 kunye Iitshaja zenqanaba lesi-2Iitshaja zeNqanaba loku-1 ziphakathi kwezona zilula nezingabizi kakhulu. Zisebenzisa iiplagi zasekhaya eziqhelekileyo (ii-volts ezili-120) ukutshaja, ngoko ke inkqubo yokufakela ilula kakhulu. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, iitshaja zeNqanaba lesi-2 zifuna isekethe ekhethekileyo enevolthi ephezulu (ngesiqhelo ii-volts ezingama-240).
Nangona ukufaka nokulungiselela olu hlobo lwesitishi sokutshaja kubandakanya umsebenzi omninzi kunye neendleko, inika isantya sokutshaja esikhawulezayoNgokuxhomekeke kwiinkcukacha zesithuthi kunye netshaja, Itshaja yenqanaba lesi-2 Unokongeza malunga neekhilomitha ezili-10-60 zomgama wokuqhuba ngeyure. Kubanini abafuna ukutshaja ngokukhawuleza okanye amakhaya afuna ukusetyenziswa kwezithuthi zombane kakhulu, itshaja yeNqanaba lesi-2 inokuba lolona khetho lukhethwayo.
Izinto ekufuneka ziqwalaselwe phambi koFakelo
Ngaphambi kokuba kuqhutyekwe nofakelo lwesikhululo sokutshaja isithuthi sombane sasekhaya (i-EV), izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo kufuneka ziqwalaselwe ngononophelo ukuqinisekisa ukuba kufakelo olukhuselekileyo noluthembekileyo:
Umthamo woMbane
Xa ucinga ngofakelo lwe isikhululo sokutshaja se-EV sasekhaya, kuyafuneka ukuqinisekisa ukuba inkqubo yombane yekhaya inomthamo owaneleyo wokuthwala imithwalo eyongezelelweyo. Ngokutsho kwedatha evela kwi-Arhente yoKhuseleko lweNdalo (EPA), i-EV eqhelekileyo ifuna amandla ukusuka kwi-3.3 kilowatts ukuya kwi-19.2 kilowatts ngexesha lokutshaja. Ngoko ke, kunokuba yimfuneko ukubandakanya umntu osebenza ngombane ukuba ahlole okanye aphucule ipaneli yombane yekhaya ukuqinisekisa ukuba inokuxhasa ngokwaneleyo ukufakwa kunye nokusebenza kwesikhululo sokutshaja.
Ukukhetha indawo
Ukukhetha indawo efanelekileyo yetshaja ye-EV yasekhaya kubaluleke kakhulu. Kuya kufuneka ukhethe indawo efanelekileyo yokufaka isikhululo sokutshaja, ucinga ngezinto ezinje ngokufikeleleka, ukufutshane nendawo yokupaka iimoto, kunye amanyathelo okukhusela1 kwisikhululo sokutshaja. Okona kulungileyo kukuba isikhululo sokutshaja kufuneka sibe kufutshane nendawo yokupaka ukuze kube lula ukudibanisa intambo yokutshaja kwisithuthi ngexesha lokutshaja. Ukongeza, ngeenjongo zokhuseleko kunye nokuthintela imozulu, isikhululo sokutshaja kufuneka sifakwe kwindawo efanelekileyo ngaphezu komhlaba kwaye sixhotyiswe ngezinto zokukhusela emvuleni, eluthulini, nakwezinye izinto ezingqongileyo.
Amaphepha-mvume kunye neMimiselo
Ngaphambi kokufaka isikhululo sokutshaja se-EV sasekhaya, kubalulekile ukujonga imithetho nemigaqo yokwakha yasekuhlaleni ukuqinisekisa ukuba zonke iimvume ezifunekayo ziyafumaneka kwaye kulandelwa imigangatho yokhuseleko efanelekileyo. Umzekelo, ngokutsho kwe- IKhowudi yoMbane yeSizwe (NEC)2 eMelika, ukufaka itshaja ye-EV kufuneka kunamathele kuthotho lwe iimfuno zokhuseleko lombane 3, kuquka ukugalelwa komhlaba okufanelekileyo kunye nokufakwa kobushushu. Ngaphezu koko, amanye amagunya asekuhlaleni anokufuna ukuba kungeniswe izicelo zemvume yokwakha okanye ukuhlolwa kwangaphambi kokwakhiwa. Ke ngoko, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uqhagamshelane nesebe lezakhiwo lasekuhlaleni ngaphambi kokufakelwa ukuze uqonde zonke iinkqubo nemigaqo efunekayo.
Ukufakwa kweNkqubo
Ukuba kunokwenzeka, ungaqesha ingcali yombane ukuba ilungise itshaja yemoto yakho yombane. Kodwa ukuba u-eaUkuba ufuna ukuzama ngokwakho, jonga la manyathelo okufaka itshaja eludongeni. Qiniseka ukuba uhlala ukhuselekile. Kwezinye iindawo ezibalulekileyo, njengokujonga umbane, kungcono ukufumana ingcali yombane ukuze ikuncede ukuqinisekisa ukuba yonke into ihamba kakuhle nangokukhuselekileyo.
Inyathelo 1. Lungisa uMphezulu woDonga
- Coca umphezulu wodonga apho uceba ukufaka itshaja ye-EV.
- Ncamathelisa iphepha lereferensi edongeni usebenzisa iteyiphu okanye incamathiso. Qinisekisa ukuba ikumgangatho kwaye ibekwe ngokuchanekileyo ngokwemilinganiselo kunye neemfuno zetshaja.
INyathelo 2. Phawula izithuba Hole
- Sebenzisa ipensile okanye imarker ukuphawula imingxunya eludongeni kwiphepha lereferensi.
- Qinisekisa ukuba imingxunya ihambelana neendawo zokukhwela kwi-backplate ye-EV tshaja.
Inyathelo 3. Gqoka imingxuma
- Gqoka imingxuma eludongeni kwindawo ephawulweyo usebenzisa ubungakanani bentwana yokubhola efanelekileyo.
- Ubungakanani be-drill bit kufuneka buhambelane nobubanzi beebholithi okanye iiankile oza kuzisebenzisa.
Inyathelo 4. Faka iiBolts okanye ii-anchors
- Ngenisa iibholithi okanye iiankile kwimingxuma egrunjiweyo.
- Qaphela ukuba ungazixubi iibholithi okanye iiankile ezenzelwe imingxuma eyahlukeneyo, njengoko zinokuba nobukhulu obahlukeneyo okanye iindidi.
Inyathelo 5. Faka i-Backplate
- Susa iphepha lereferensi eludongeni.
- Beka i-backplate yetshaja ye-EV phezu kweebholithi okanye iiankile.
- Khusela i-backplate eludongeni usebenzisa izikrufu ezibonelelwe ngetshaja okanye iziqhoboshi ezifanelekileyo.
Inyathelo lesi-6. Nyusa itshaja ye-EV
- Beka itshaja ye-EV kwi-backplate efakelweyo, uqinisekise ukuba ihambelana neendawo zokunyuka.
- Khusela itshaja ye-EV kwi-backplate ngokwemiyalelo yomenzi, ngokuqhelekileyo ngezikrufu okanye izixhobo zokutshixa.
Inyathelo 7. Ukuhambisa intambo
- Ngexesha lenkqubo yomzila, qinisekisa ukuba intambo yamandla igcinwe kude kuzo naziphi na izinto ezibukhali okanye imithombo yobushushu ukuthintela umonakalo wokugquma kweengcingo.
- Qinisekisa ukuba intambo yombane ihanjiswa kakuhle ngaphandle kokuthintela ipaseji okanye ukubeka iingozi zokhuseleko.
Inyathelo 8. UkuQhagamshelwa koMbane
- Landela imiyalelo yomenzi ukudibanisa itshaja ye-EV kubonelelo lombane.
- Qinisekisa ukuba lonke uqhagamshelo lombane lwenziwa ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye ngokweekhowudi zombane zasekhaya kunye nemimiselo.
- Ukuba kuyimfuneko, qhagamshelana nombane oqeqeshiweyo ukuqinisekisa ukufakelwa kombane ngokufanelekileyo.
Inyathelo 9. Uvavanyo kunye nokuSeta
- Ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa, vavanya itshaja ye-EV ukuze uqinisekise ukuba iyasebenza kwaye isebenza ngokuchanekileyo.
- Qwalasela naluphi na useto okanye ukhetho ngokwemiyalelo yomenzi.
- Yenza intlawulo yolingo ukuqinisekisa ukuba itshaja ye-EV ibiza isithuthi sakho ngokufanelekileyo.
Inyathelo 10. Ukutshekisha kokugqibela kunye nokuCoca
- Jonga itshaja ye-EV efakiweyo kunye nendawo engqongileyo malunga nayo nayiphi na imiba okanye iziphene.
- Coca nayiphi na inkunkuma okanye izinto ezishiyekileyo kwinkqubo yofakelo.
- Jonga kwakhona lonke unxibelelwano kwaye uqinisekise ukuba yonke into ikhuselekile kwaye ikhuselekile ukuba ingasetyenziswa.
Iingcebiso zoLondolozo kunye noKhuseleko
Xa kuziwa ekusekweni nasekusebenziseni isikhululo sakho sokutshaja isithuthi sombane, ukusikhathalela nokuqinisekisa ukuba ukhuseleko zizinto eziphambili ngokubaluleka. Okokuqala, kubalulekile ukujonga isikhululo sakho sokutshaja kunye neengcingo zokuqhagamshela rhoqo ukuze uqiniseke ukuba zikwimeko entle yokusebenza. Qaphela naziphi na iimpawu zomonakalo, ukuguga nokukrazuka, okanye iintanda, kwaye uqinisekise ukuba zonke iindibano zikhuselekile. Nika ingqwalaselo engqongqo kwi-insulation kwiingcingo ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho zicingo ezingenanto eziveziweyo.
Okwesibini, nika itshaja yemoto yakho yombane ukucocwa ngokucokisekileyo rhoqo ukususa naluphi na uthuli, ubumdaka, okanye obunye ubumdaka obunokuthi buthintele iisokethi okanye buchaphazele umoya. Sebenzisa ilaphu elithambileyo kunye nesicoci esithambileyo ukunqanda ukukrwela umphezulu wesikhululo sokutshaja.
Ukuba ubona naziphi na iingxaki okanye iingxaki ngesikhululo sakho sokutshaja, kungcono uyeke ukuyisebenzisa ngoko nangoko kwaye uqhagamshelane nosombane oqeqeshiweyo okanye umboneleli wenkonzo yesitishi sokutshaja ukuze ufumane uncedo. Ukuzama ukuzilungisa ngokwakho kunokubangela ingozi engaphezulu kunokuba luncedo. Khumbula, ukhuseleko lwesikhululo sakho sokutshaja lubalulekile kuwe nakwimoto yakho yombane, ngoko ke hlala ubeka phambili ukugcinwa kunye nokhathalelo olufanelekileyo.
Okuzuzwayo ngokuFakela itshaja ye-EV eKhaya
Xa useta indawo yokutshaja iimoto zombane kwindawo yakho, izisa izinto ezininzi ezilungileyo. Ayikokwenza ukuba kube lula kuwe ukuba uhlawule uhambo lwakho. Ikwamalunga nokunceda umhlaba kunye nesipaji sakho.
Ukutshaja ngokulula nanini na xa ufuna
Ukuba netshaja yakho yemoto yombane ekhaya kuthetha ukuba ungahlawula nanini na ufuna. Akukho mfuneko yakukhathazeka malunga nexesha okanye apho ukhoyo. Ungayiplaga kwimoto yakho nanini na xa ikulungele. Oku kuluncedo ngakumbi kubantu abaxakekileyo kwaye abanaxesha elininzi. Ukongeza, ukuba netshaja ekhaya kwenza ukutshaja kubemnandi kwaye kuthokomele.
Ukugcina iindleko
Izikhululo zokutshaja zikawonke-wonke zihlala zinamaxabiso asekelwe kwizinto ezithile njengesantya sokutshaja, ubungakanani bentlawulo, okanye ixesha lokutshaja, okunokukhokelela kwiindleko eziphezulu. Nangona kunjalo, ukufaka isikhululo sokutshaja ekhaya kukuvumela ukuba ukhethe indlela engabizi kakhulu yokutshaja, njengokusebenzisa amaxabiso ombane aphantsi ngexesha leeyure ezingezizo ezongxamisekileyo. Oku kunokukunceda wonge imali. Ukusebenzisa isikhululo sokutshaja ekhaya kukwakunceda uphephe iindleko ezongezelelweyo ezinxulumene nokutshaja kuluntu, njengeemali zokupaka okanye iindleko zobulungu. Ukongeza, ezinye iiarhente zikarhulumente kwiindawo ezithile zibonelela ngenkxaso-mali kunye nezikhuthazo zokuthenga izikhululo zokutshaja kunye nezithuthi zombane.
Ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kweKhabhoni ukuKhusela iNdawo
Izithuthi zombane zinokunceda kakhulu ukunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwezithuthi, ngaloo ndlela zidlala indima efanelekileyo ekuphuculeni umgangatho wokusingqongileyo. Ukufakela izitishi zokutshaja izithuthi zombane zasekhaya kunokukhuthaza ngakumbi ukwamkelwa kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezithuthi zombane, ukunciphisa ukuxhomekeka kwizithuthi zemveli ezisebenza ngamafutha. Njengoko abantu abaninzi bekhetha izithuthi zombane, ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni kuyo yonke inkqubo yokuthutha kuya kuncipha kakhulu, okwenza igalelo elihle ekuphuculeni umgangatho womoya kunye nokunciphisa utshintsho lwemozulu.
Kuthatha ixesha elingakanani ukufaka itshaja ye-EV?
Ukufakela itshaja yemoto yombane yasekhaya kuthatha iyure enye. Iqala ngokuvavanya ukuba ngaba ukuphuculwa kweziseko zombane kuyafuneka, okuthatha malunga nemizuzu engama-1. Amanyathelo okunyusa itshaja eludongeni ngokuthe ngqo kwaye angagqitywa ngokubanzi kwimizuzu engama-20-20. Emva koko, kukho imisebenzi yocingo kunye nokudibanisa, kuquka ukuseka isekethe ezinikeleyo, enokuthi ithathe malunga nemizuzu ye-30. Inqanaba lokugqibela libandakanya uvavanyo oluneenkcukacha kunye nokugunyaziswa, ukungqinisisa amandla ombane, angoku, kunye neempawu zokhuseleko, kuthatha malunga nemizuzu eli-15. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba izinto ezininzi, ezifana nobunzima be-wiring yendlu, unokwandisa ixesha lokufakela.
Ii-FAQs:
Kubiza malini ukufakela iitshaja ze-EV?
Iindleko zokufaka itshaja ye-EV inokwahluka ngokuxhomekeke kwizinto ezifana ne uhlobo lwetshaja, ukuphuculwa kwenkqubo yombane efunekayo, indawo yofakelo, kunye neendleko zabasebenzi. Ngokomyinge, iindleko zokufakela ziqala kumakhulu ambalwa ukuya kwisibini samawaka eedola.
Ngaba kukhuselekile ukufaka itshaja ye-EV ekhaya wedwa?
Nangona kunokwenzeka ukuba uzifakele ezinye iitshaja ze-EV ngokwakho, kuyacetyiswa ukuba uqeshe ingcali yombane ngezizathu zokhuseleko kunye nokuthotyelwa, ngakumbi xa ujongene noqhagamshelo lombane. Ufakelo oluntsonkothileyo lunokufuna ubuchule obukhethekileyo.
Ngaba itshaja ye-EV inokufakwa kwisakhiwo se-condo?
Ukufaka itshaja ye-EV kwisakhiwo se-condo kunokufuna imvume evela kumbutho wabanini zindlu (HOA) okanye ulawulo lwepropathi. Kusenokufuneka usebenze nengcali yombane ukuze uqinisekise ukuthotyelwa kwemimiselo yesakhiwo kunye neemfuno zocingo.
Zeziphi izixhobo kunye nezixhobo ezifunekayo ukuze faka itshaja ye-EV ekhaya?
Izixhobo eziqhelekileyo kunye nezixhobo ezifunekayo kufakelo lwetshaja ye-EV ziquka i-drill, i-screwdriver, inqanaba, i-conduit, i-wiring, i-tape yombane, kunye ne-hardware yokunyuka. Iimfuno ezithile zinokwahluka ngokusekelwe kwimodeli yetshaja kunye nemiyalelo yokufakela.
Ngawaphi amanyathelo okhuseleko ekufuneka athatyathwe ngexesha lofakelo?
Ngalo lonke ixesha cima umbane kwindawo yolawulo yebreaker phambi kokuba usebenze kuqhagamshelo lombane. Sebenzisa izixhobo ezigqunyiweyo kwaye unxibe izixhobo ezifanelekileyo zokhuseleko, ezinjengeeglavu kunye neendondo zokhuseleko. Landela imiyalelo yomenzi ngocoselelo, kwaye ukuba awuqinisekanga, dibana nomntu osebenza ngombane onelayisensi ukuze akuncede.
- Jonga eli khonkco ukuze ufunde ngamanyathelo abalulekileyo okukhusela aqinisekisa ukhuseleko kunye nobude bexesha letshaja yakho ye-EV yasekhaya.[↩]
- Esi sixhobo sibonelela ngolwazi olubalulekileyo malunga nemigaqo ye-NEC, ukuqinisekisa ukuba ukufakwa kwetshaja yakho ye-EV kukhuselekile kwaye kuyahambelana.[↩]
- Jonga eli khonkco ukuze uqonde imigangatho yokhuseleko lombane ebalulekileyo yokufakelwa kwetshaja ye-EV, ukuqinisekisa ukuthotyelwa komthetho nokhuseleko.[↩]
